There are several drawbacks with the current mouse gene knockout technology. It usually takes at least one year to obtain homozygous knockout mice. In many cases knock-outs cannot be obtained because the genetic deficiency affects embryonic development and is often lethal. In other cases, other subtype family member of the targeted (knock-out) gene compensate for the loss of gene function, resulting in a failure to obtain fetus-to-adult knockout mice with a phenotype, e.g. an altered signal transduction pathway. Even though some of these drawbacks may be avoided using the Cre-loxP approach, the phenotype of the knockout can not be reversed and, as such, it cannot be definitively linked or defined genetically. Using lentivirus-based systems, the founder has demonstrated the ability to generate transgenic mice (knock-in or knock-down with shRNA) for the evaluation of functional genes, including the generation of animal models for a variety of diseases. Multiple potential "drug target" genes can be evaluated simultaneously in a relatively short period of time and through a systematic biologically relevant, in-vivo approach to determine the efficacy of their intended therapies and potential side effects prior to the development of screening assays normally associated with lead compound identification. Therefore, ADV technologies help predict the efficacy of potential drug targets and toxicity related to those targets early in the drug discovery process - prior to what normally represents a long-term commitment of R&D resources. 

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